The Essence of Science and the Fringes of Reality

Data is fascinating.  And what’s even more fascinating is that the laws of nature produce predictable patterns in data.  For example, if you toss a coin 100 times and measure how many times heads comes up, you’ll get a number between zero and 100.  If you repeat that experiment again and again and again, you’ll get different values each time, but usually the number will be around 50, and 50 will come up more than any other value if you repeat the experiment enough times.  If you plot this data, with the # of heads in 100 coin tosses on...

Ancient Faint Galaxy Discovered

If you look up into the sky on a clear night, you would see thousands of stars.  There are surely many more that you would need a telescope to see.  But there are not stars everywhere.  You can zoom in further and further with bigger and bigger telescopes, until eventually you find gaps where you simply don’t see stars.  For a long time it was thought that the gaps were empty, until the Hubble telescope peered through the darkness by taking a 200 hour exposure of a supposedly empty patch of sky.  What it revealed was a universe full of...